By: Lydia Liu

Public Relations Manager

In September 2025, Nepal experienced unprecedented political unrest as widespread protests led by Generation Z erupted nationwide in response to growing government restrictions on freedom of expression and political dissent. As public anger intensified, the government imposed a ban on 26 social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. While officials said it was for regulatory reasons, many people saw it as an attempt to silence opposition, which angered young people across the country.

The unrest reached a tragic peak when protesters set the residence of former Prime Minister Jhalanath Khanal ablaze. His wife, Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar, was inside the house at the time and sustained critical burns. Rushed to Kirtipur Burn Hospital, Chitrakar ultimately succumbed to her injuries, becoming one of the most high-profile casualties of the violence. This incident highlighted the intensity of the protests and the deep-seated anger towards the political elite.

The violence led to the resignation of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli on Sept. 9. The violence was caused by the backlash that he faced with Generation Z from banning social media platforms. In the aftermath, Former Chief Justice Sushila Karki of Nepal’s Supreme Court, known for her anti-corruption stance, was appointed as Nepal’s first female interim prime minister. Many saw her appointment as a step towards political reform and a more accountable government.

Economically, the protests had a devastating impact. The tourism sector, a significant contributor to Nepal’s economy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), suffered an estimated loss of 25 billion Nepalese Rupees (NPR) (approximately 190 million USD) due to property damage and a 30% decline in tourist arrivals. Many countries issued travel advisories, further deterring visitors during the peak hiking season. Additionally, economists estimate the total economic damage at around NPR 25 billion, roughly equal to 189.4 million USD.

The crisis has also exacerbated existing humanitarian problems. Nepal remains highly susceptible to natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods, with around a quarter of the population living in extreme poverty. The ongoing instability blocks relief efforts and threatens the delivery of essential services to vulnerable communities. Healthcare systems are under severe strain, making it difficult to respond to emergencies or ongoing health needs. Displaced families face prolonged uncertainty, with limited access to shelter, clean water, and education.

Globally, attention has been drawn to Nepal’s crisis due to the growing influence of youth-led movements in challenging entrenched political systems. Similar uprisings occurred in neighboring countries, including Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, driven by shared grievances among young people who feel they have no choice in the government and frustration with corrupt elites. Analysts view these movements as a response to structural issues and a digitally empowered generation demanding reform and accountability.

(Sources: AP News, HRW, NY Times, Reuters)